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51.
2017年江苏高考数学应用题延续前几年的命题趋势,即以几何图形为载体,考查解三角、平面解析几何、数列、函数、导数等基础知识,考查考生数学阅读、识图和计算、转化和化归、空间想象力、解决实际问题、数学建模等能力,考查数形结合、转化和化归、函数与方程、分类讨论等数学思想. 相似文献
52.
本文基于$\Omega$-范畴研究了(连续) $\mathcal{I}$-余万备$\Omega$-范畴的一些性质. 我们给出了双完备$\Omega$-范畴和逼近双模的概念并讨论了它们的性质, 证明了任何$\mathcal{I}$-余万备$\Omega$-范畴都是双完备$\Omega$-范畴. 得到了代数$\Omega$-范畴范畴等价于双完备$\Omega$-范畴. 相似文献
53.
Shaopeng Li Jing Du Bin Zhang Yanzhen Liu Qingqing Mei Qinglei Meng Minghua Dong Juan Du Zhijuan Zhao Lirong Zheng Buxing Han Meiting Zhao Huizhen Liu 《物理化学学报》2023,38(10):2206019
Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C=O), nitro (-NO2), and alkenyl (C=C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C=O, C-OH, and C=C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb2O5 catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb2O5 = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H2) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H2 could migrate to the surface of Nb2O5 through a phenomenon called H2 spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb2O5 could not adsorb the C=O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb2O5, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H2 to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb2O5 surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.
相似文献
54.
从空间位阻角度出发,设计并合成了H型芴基小分子材料3Ph-TrH,并通过溶液加工方法制备了将其作为电荷捕获层的浮栅型有机场效应晶体管(OFET)存储器.结果表明,该器件的空穴和电子存储窗口分别为31.2和11.6V,实现了基于单个小分子材料的双极性电荷存储.为了提高器件的稳定性,进一步制备了基于3Ph-TrH与聚苯乙烯(PS)掺杂薄膜的浮栅型OFET存储器.测试结果显示,该器件比基于3Ph-TrH作为单组分电荷捕获层的器件具有更高的稳定性和耐受性,在10000s的维持时间测试后,该器件的电流开关比还能维持在1.1×103.该工作为制备新型双极性电荷存储的OFET存储器提供了一条思路. 相似文献
55.
该文提出了高光谱成像技术结合机器学习快速无损鉴别黑色签字笔墨水种类的新方法。采集36支不同品牌型号的黑色签字笔笔迹的高光谱图像,对每支签字笔笔迹的高光谱图像选取18个感兴趣区域,共提取648个平均光谱作为样本集。对450~950 nm的原始光谱进行Savitzky-Golay平滑、Z-Score标准化和两种组合方法光谱预处理,使用线性判别分析(LDA)和随机子空间-线性判别分析(RSM-LDA)分别构建黑色签字笔墨水种类鉴别模型。实验结果表明:不同预处理方法对RSM-LDA模型的鉴别准确率影响较小,而对于LDA模型,组合预处理具有更优的鉴别准确率;相比LDA模型,RSM-LDA模型分类效果更佳,训练集的平均分类准确率达100%,交叉验证平均分类准确率达99.09%,测试集的平均分类准确率达90.70%,每类样本的准确率、精准率、召回率均高于LDA模型分类结果,模型的接受者操作特征曲线下方面积(AUC值)达0.998 3,模型性能良好。因此,采用高光谱成像技术结合RSM-LDA可实现不同品牌型号黑色签字笔墨水的快速无损鉴别。 相似文献
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59.
研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。 相似文献
60.
SPATIAL AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS IN PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION, CHINA 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Concentrations and spatial distributions of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric particles were measured at 8 sites in four cities (Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai) of Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR), China during 2001 winter period and 2002 summer period. PM2.5 (particie diameter smaller than 2.5 um) and PM10 (particie diameter smaller than 10 um) samples were collected on pre-fired quartz filters with mini-volume samplers and analyzed using thermal optical reflectance (TOR) method. The average PM2.5and PM10 Ievel were 60.1 and 93.1 μg·m-3, respectively, with PM2.5 constituting 65.3% of the PM10 mass. The average OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 were 12.0 and 5.1 μg·m-3, respectively, while those in PM10 were 16.0 and 6.5 μg·m-3, respectively. The carbo-naceous aerosol accounted for 37.2% of the PM2.5 and 32.8% of the PM10. The highest concentrations of OC and EC were observed at Guangzhou city in both vvinter and summer seasons. The average OC/EC ratios were 2. 相似文献